Subliminal Advertising Is Fair :: essays research papers

Why Subliminal Advertising is Fair to American Consumers     The fall in States ad industry consists of many ad agencies whose job it is to make sure that the American consumers buy their clients products. As many people get smart bounteous to look past the physical eye tricks the ad may play on them, the ad agencies has turned to subliminal messages to get their message across. From gar holde bag advertisements to the advertisements for the hardest type of liquor you can buy, subliminal advertising will almost always affect you without you even knowing it, and its perfectly legal. If a company has the money, the time, and the maven to use the first amendment of the constitution, there is no reason why subliminal messages cannot appear in their advertisements.      To produce a subliminal advertisement, a company moldiness pour in a great deal of money to get the consumer wanting their product. An ad agency can spend anywhere up to $50,000 to spend a penny a single, one page magazine layout or flyer, cargonfully getting every detail to perfection. If a company chooses to use this kind of money to advertise, it is perfectly legal to do so. Subliminal messages are just a more efficient way of advertising by appealing to the consumers subconscious mind and bypassing their last making mind, swaying them to need something they really do not. However, while subliminal messages may make consumers buy items, they also prevent theft. That elevator music you hear in Sears is not just there because the manager likes it. The first purpose of this music is to lull you into a shopping trance. You will also notice that there are no clocks in Sears. This is to make you loose all track of time if you dont have a watch and this in itself is subliminal. However, underneath the music, in a frequency only audible to the subconscious, there are messages like, "Do not shoplift", "Stealing is bad", and "Just buy it&quo t. The messages use key manner of speaking which the human mind knows are wrong, even if a persons personality thinks they are okay. So subliminal messages prevent theft also.Making these messages also takes an incredible enumerate of time. The same advertisements that can take up to $50,000 to make, also take around 3 to 5 months to get every detail just right so the consumer thinks that the images just appear there by coincidence, if the images are even seen by the conscious mind at all.

The Nouveaux Riche of Victorian England :: Victorian Era

The Nouveaux Riche of Victorian EnglandRelation of The New Banking/Industrial Class to High confederacyAs the kernel class began to further divide, those who grew in riches became known as a banking/industrial class. Along with their sudden economic prosperity there came a go for for social transformation- an aspiration for new aristocracy. They carried their traditional middle class values into prominence with their accumulation of wealth. They sought to achieve a merit oriented Society rather than social climbing, for their childrens sake, into the existing one based solely on birth. This hindered the new class from ever attaining Aristocratic Social acceptance for their new wealth and deemed them the nouveaux riche. Despite obvious disapproval from the Aristocracy the nouveaux riche continued their economic ascent through personal contact which was a crucial element in pickaxe posts (Loftus 5). This dependence upon others for mounting economic standing was contrary to the mid dle class value of independence. This industrial class was forced to rely upon the connections, potentially aristocratic, in put in to succeed. Loftus explains that middle-class values were carved out in these attempts to define a society based on merit rather than aristocratic privilege. withal, the importance of heathen capital and social networks to success in the period implies that the rise of the middle-classes in the Victorian period saw the replacement of one set of privileges with another (Loftus 4). However the Nouveaux Riche failed to fully assimilate into aristocratic society due to lack of pedigree.Spending Habits of the Nouveaux RicheAlong with new money comes the ability to spend it. The Industrial class did just that, using their newly acquiredmoney to purchase large amounts of land and houses august enough for the property. This land ownership propelled some nouveauxriche into riches surpassing those of the highest aristocracy. Their houses of course had to be de corated outdoing the splendorof the structure itself. This class took immense pride in their homes which they saw as a reflection of status (BBC Homes). The styles were excessively ornamental and took their run from Gothic styles, rococo, styles, the Orient, and developments from their own industrialization. With owning such ornately decorated residences they had to show them off this was done so through dinner parties and balls. People of course could not be outmatched by the rich styles of their houses and therefore doled out large amounts of money for clothes and transportation.

Physician Assisted Suicide Essays -- Physician Assisted Death

With the stroke of a pen, California Gov. Jerry Brown made it legal for physicians in the state to prescribe lethal doses of medications if their terminally charge patients wish to end their lives. Brown signed the End of Life Act into law on Monday, and in doing so California joins iv other states Oregon, Washington, Vermont and metric ton where patients right to choose doctor-assisted stopping point is protected either by law or court order.http//www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/05/446115171/california-governor-signs-physician-assisted-suicide-bill-into-lawDeath, despite various definitions of the concept, is an unavoidable part of bearing in which all persons will one day become acquainted. However one prefers to essentially exist and prolong this event is completely his or her choice. Or is it? What, then, if an individual should choose death itself? Should that person, regardless of the reason for hastening death, be denied assistance if sought after? The co ncept of physician-assisted suicide has been a result of debate since the rescue of medicine. Controversy even surrounds its name as the term suicide is associated with a form of mental illness and irrational behavior, both of which argon to be prevented it if at all possible according to health check obligation (Quill and Greenlaw). doc assisted death/suicide occurs when a physician provides a medical means of death and instruction to a patient but does not administer the actual cause of death (Lonnquist and Weiss 389-91). This is quite different than the concept of wide awake euthanasia in which a physician directly administers the cause of death. Recognized as far back as the 5th century BCE in the quaint Hippocratic Oath, the argumentation of this practice cou... ...hy E., and Greenlaw, Jane. medico Assisted Death. From Birth to Death and Bench to Clinic The Hastings Center Bioethics Briefing Book for Journalists, Policymakers, and Campaigns. Garrison Hastings Center, 2008. 137-42. Physician Assisted Death. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http//www.thehastingscenter.org/Publications/BriefingBook/Detail.aspx?id=2202.5. Reich, Warren T. The Hippocratic Oath. Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Revised ed. N.p. n.p., 1995. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http//www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/hippocratic.html6. Roberts, John, and Kjellstra, D. Carl. Jack Kevorkian A Medical Hero. BMJ. JSTOR, 8 June 1996. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.7. Frontline The Kevorkian finding of fact The Thanatron. PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/kevorkian/aboutk/thanatronblurb.html Physician Assisted Suicide Essays -- Physician Assisted DeathWith the stroke of a pen, California Gov. Jerry Brown made it legal for physicians in the state to prescribe lethal doses of medications if their terminally ill patients wish to end their lives. Brown signed the End of Life Act into law on Monday, and in doing so California jo ins four other states Oregon, Washington, Vermont and Montana where patients right to choose doctor-assisted death is protected either by law or court order.http//www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/05/446115171/california-governor-signs-physician-assisted-suicide-bill-into-lawDeath, despite various definitions of the concept, is an unavoidable part of life in which all persons will one day become acquainted. However one prefers to essentially exist and prolong this event is completely his or her choice. Or is it? What, then, if an individual should choose death itself? Should that person, regardless of the reason for hastening death, be denied assistance if sought after? The concept of physician-assisted suicide has been a topic of debate since the birth of medicine. Controversy even surrounds its name as the term suicide is associated with a form of mental illness and irrational behavior, both of which are to be prevented it if at all possible according to medical obliga tion (Quill and Greenlaw). Physician assisted death/suicide occurs when a physician provides a medical means of death and instruction to a patient but does not administer the actual cause of death (Lonnquist and Weiss 389-91). This is quite different than the concept of active euthanasia in which a physician directly administers the cause of death. Recognized as far back as the 5th century BCE in the ancient Hippocratic Oath, the origin of this practice cou... ...hy E., and Greenlaw, Jane. Physician Assisted Death. From Birth to Death and Bench to Clinic The Hastings Center Bioethics Briefing Book for Journalists, Policymakers, and Campaigns. Garrison Hastings Center, 2008. 137-42. Physician Assisted Death. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http//www.thehastingscenter.org/Publications/BriefingBook/Detail.aspx?id=2202.5. Reich, Warren T. The Hippocratic Oath. Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Revised ed. N.p. n.p., 1995. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http//www1.umn. edu/humanrts/instree/hippocratic.html6. Roberts, John, and Kjellstra, D. Carl. Jack Kevorkian A Medical Hero. BMJ. JSTOR, 8 June 1996. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.7. Frontline The Kevorkian Verdict The Thanatron. PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/kevorkian/aboutk/thanatronblurb.html

The Spartan Warriors Essay -- Ancient Greece

OUTLINEI. Introduction.In society today the term warrior is used loosely and sometimes flush associated with an athlete training for a specific event. By the fourth century B.C., Sparta useed a culture solely for training soldiers, a warrior culture. The problem with the design of a warrior culture is not in the fleck capabilities of the group, but in the artistic legacy that was lost during the life of a fighting culture.II. Body.1. Historical screen backgrounda.Prior to the Messenian Warb.After the Messenian War2. Traininga.Age and Sexb.Way of life3. Politicsa.Women in Spartab.Constitutionc. Lycurgus4. Significant Battlesa.Battle of battle of Marathonb. Battle of Thermopylaec. Battle of Plataead.The Peloponnesian War5. Sparta without a wara. Shortcomingsb.Battle of Leuctra6. SummaryIII. ConclusionThe training regiments and social structure of the Spartans were geared towards building the strongest men and nation physically, but without the artistic and political training, the warriors or Sparta were unable to bring the Grecian empire together. History remembers so much from the doctrine teachings of Socrates and the Athenian paintings, dishes, and sculptures, but little is remembered about the other superpower in Greece and of the warriors of Sparta.THE SPARTAN WARRIORSIn society today the term warrior is used loosely and sometimes even associated with an athlete training for a specific event. By the fifth century B.C., Sparta designed a culture solely for training soldiers, a warrior culture. The problem with the design of a warrior culture is not in the fighting capabilities of the group, but in the lack of an artistic legacy that was lost during the life of a fighting culture.Prior to the forming of the military community of Sparta there is evidence of a society rich in culture. Archaeologists have found vase paintings depicting fish, snakes, plants, and kings. The illustrations on the dishes of Sparta showed increasing skill in drawing of human dim ensions and animal characteristics. The city-state of Sparta had been formed as a cultural center that produced not only pottery but was noted for its festivals of song and dance as well. Other types of craftsmanship included wood, metalworking, weaver, and leather. The Spartan culture would soo... ...cago, IllinoisRand McNally, 1970)Dryden, John. Translation. Plutarch The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans. ( virgin York, New YorkModern Library, dt unk)Hale, William H. The Horizon Book of Ancient Greece. (New York, New YorkAmerican Heritage Co, 1956)Hawkes, Jacquetta. Dawn of the Gods Minoan and Mycenaean Origins of Greece. (New York, New YorkRandom House, 1968)National Geographic Society. Greece and Rome Builders of Our World. (Washington, District of ColumbiaNational Geographic Society, 1968)Preston, Richard A., Alex Roland, and Sydney F. Wise. Men in Arms A History of Warfare and its interrelationships with Western Society. (Belmont, CaliforniaWadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2 001)Reuben, Gabriel and Sheila Schwartz. How People Lived in Ancient Greece and Rome. (Chicago, IllinoisBenefic Press, 1967)Tomlinson, R.A. Argos and the Argolid From the End of the Bronze Age to the Roman Occupation. (Ithaca, New YorkCornell University, 1972)Warry, John. Warfare in the Classical World An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons, Warriors, and Warfare in Ancient Civilisations of Greece and Rome. (Norman, OklahomaUniversity of Oklahoma Press, 1995)

multiple sclerosis :: essays research papers

Multiple SclerosisMy aunt has had Multiple Sclerosis for about 11 years now. She started showing symptoms when she was 27. I remember the twenty-four hour period that I walked into my parents room to find my mom on the phone crying. I stayed to listen to the conversation and when she was off the phone she told me what was going on. eery last(predicate) I could do at that point was remember on the whole of the times we went on bike rides and had a lot of fun. It was a really bad emotional state knowing that we would never have the chance to do any of that again. It was really hard for my uncle to handle and I am sure it take over is, but when ever I go over theyre house everyone is cheerful and easy to talk to. Whenever I get the chance I talk to my aunt and she is still very intelligent and fun to hold a conversation with. So if you ever see a person with a nausea, do not be afraid to talk to them for they are very wise. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, often disabling d isease that randomly attacks the central nervous system. Specific symptoms of the disease can not be predicted. The symptoms may range from tingling and numbness to paralysis and blindness. MS is a devastating disease because people live with its occasional physical and emotional effects for the rest of their lives. My aunt has to be feed, bathed she cannot do anything for herself. MS is a well-known disease, but poorly understood. In the United States on that point are about 200 new cases diagnosed each week. MS is a common disease and not always caused by genetics. Therefore, I feel we all need to have a better understanding of this disease that has no cure yet. My aunt has been in my prayers and many other peoples for a long time. I just want to see her get rid of the nasty disease. I hope to make MS more understanding in my publisher. In my paper I will explain what MS is, who gets MS, what MS has to do with the metabolism, what some of the symptoms of MS are, and some treatm ents for MS.Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disabling illness that affects gist cells in the brain and spinal cord. Under normal conditions these nerve cells are surrounded by an insulating sheath made of fatty myelin, which speeds the passage of nerve impulses.

Drinking Alcohol Makes Women More Beautiful :: Research Essays

Drinking Alcohol Makes Women More BeautifulWhile driving around in my champs car my other friend, Michael, commented on how he was going to get plastered, and find some girl to hook up with and he didnt trouble about anything else just as long as she had a nice personality. Others chimed in to the same affect and this got me stand foring is this what people really ideate about when drinking? Is only one thing on their mind? My answer to this question is yes. That is why I chose to do my research paper on this topic. Going into this I decided on a hypothesis that is after a certain number of alcoholic drinks people find others more attractive. This in turn leads them to do other things that normally they would never dream of doing, but it doesnt really matter, because they have the drunk factor to fall back on. with a survey, interviews and a case study I have found my hypothesis to be more than just a theory. I will contract with my survey finding. I conducted a survey of 10 pe ople, both males and females, consisting of 10 questions. Now I figured this would happen, but it was the opposite of what I thought they would answer. altogether of the questions were non-bias and helped me to get a better understanding of the relationship between attractiveness and alcohol.Lets begin with my survey findings. Among some of the questions I asked were how many measure a week do you drink, does your confidence go up after consuming alcohol, do you think alcohol affect others attractiveness to you, and who do you think males or females are more likely to be affected by beer goggles. A surprising 80% said they drank more than 3 generation a week. 20% of males said they had more confidence after drinking, where as 40% of females said they did. I assumed everyone would answer peoples attractiveness is affected by alcohol, but the votes were split 50-50. And 90% of those surveyed said that beer goggles affect males rather than females.I also interviewed a guy and a girl that had differing opinions about the questions. some of the answers I got surprised me from both the male and female. My first interview was conducted in the cafeteria, with a 19-year-old sophomore female. The other was in Stouffer and with a 20-year-old junior male.

Drinking Alcohol Makes Women More Beautiful :: Research Essays

Drinking Alcohol Makes Women More BeautifulWhile driving around in my friends car my other friend, Michael, commented on how he was going to get plastered, and find some girl to hook up with and he didnt care about anything else just as massive as she had a nice personality. Others chimed in to the same affect and this got me thinking is this what people really think about when drinking? Is only star thing on their mind? My answer to this question is yes. That is why I chose to do my research paper on this topic. Going into this I decided on a hypothesis that is after a certain number of alcoholic drinks people find others more(prenominal) attractive. This in turn leads them to do other things that commonly they would never dream of doing, but it doesnt really matter, because they have the drunk factor to fall back on. Through a contemplate, interviews and a case withdraw I have found my hypothesis to be more than just a theory. I will begin with my survey finding. I conducted a survey of 10 people, both manfuls and females, consisting of 10 questions. Now I figured this would happen, but it was the opposite of what I thought they would answer. All of the questions were non-bias and helped me to get a better apprehensiveness of the relationship between attractiveness and alcohol.Lets begin with my survey findings. Among some of the questions I asked were how many times a week do you drink, does your office go up after consuming alcohol, do you think alcohol affect others attractiveness to you, and who do you think males or females are more credibly to be affected by beer goggles. A surprising 80% utter they drank more than 3 times a week. 20% of males said they had more confidence after drinking, where as 40% of females said they did. I assumed everyone would answer peoples attractiveness is affected by alcohol, but the votes were split 50-50. And 90% of those surveyed said that beer goggles affect males rather than females.I also interviewed a guy a nd a girl that had differing opinions about the questions. Some of the answers I got surprised me from both the male and female. My first interview was conducted in the cafeteria, with a 19-year-old sophomore female. The other was in Stouffer and with a 20-year-old junior male.

Synthesis of Aspirin

Abstract The purpose of this lab is to synthesise acetylsalicylic superman (aspirin) by creating a reaction amidst acetic anhydride and salicylic pane. This was be accomplished through the use of recrystallization. acetic anhydride and salicylic dot are mixed together, and then acidified by the addition of a some drops of hard sulfuric acid, which catalyzed the reaction. The percent try is calculated to determine the effectiveness of the reaction in preparing the desired product (aspirin).The limiting reactant of the equation was salicylic acid. After the limiting reactant was determined, the abstractive pay of aspirin was calculated at approximately 1.97g. The actual yield was alone around 0.67g, producing a percent yield of 34.3%. These results show that the methods use were only partially successful at achieving the goal of the experiment (synthesising aspirin). The findings showed that acetylsalicylic acid can be produced through a reaction between salicylic acid and ac etic anhydride, and that a much lower yield will be produced. A high yield could surely be achieved if several sources of error were to be eliminated.Introduction Acetylsalicylic acid is commonly used to alleviate minor aches and pains (Wikipedia, Aspirin, 2013). The active metabolite ingredient in acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is salicylic acid (Wikipedia, Salicylic acid, 2013), which was first discovered by Edward Stone in 1763 (Wikipedia, Aspirin, 2013).Salicylic acid is toxic in large quantities but in small doses can be useful for food preservatives and as an antiseptic. Other than being used in the production of aspirin, acetic anhydride is used to convert cellulose to cellulose acetate, a key component in photographic film and other coated materials (Wikipedia, Acetic anhydride, 2013). sulfuric acid has many applications, such as pigments, explosives, lubricants, batteries, antifreeze, and detergents. In the synthesis of aspirin, sulfuric acid is also used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction (Wikipedia, Sulfuric acid, 2013).Limiting reactants are important in chemical reactions because a reaction cannot proceed without all of the reactants. That is to say, a reaction canonly conk until one reactant is used up (Kirk, 2013). Percent yields are related to limiting reactants because the formula to solve for percent yield includes theoretic and actual yield. The hypothetic yield is the amount of a product formed when the limiting reactant in completely consumed, and is the maximum amount that can be produced from the amount of reactants used in the reaction. The theoretical yield is rarely obtained because of sources of error, side reactions, or other complications. The percent yield is the actual yield of a product given as a piece of the theoretical yield (Kirk, 2013).PurposeHow can one prepare aspirin through a reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride?Apparatus(2) 250 mL beaker 10 mL graduated cylinder Filter penning Funnel support Hot dwelling house 25 mL graduated cylinder 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask Eyedropper pipette Funnel 100 mL beaker Wash bottleMaterialsBoiling chips (calcium carbonate) Acetic anhydride 18M sulfuric acid Ethanol Salicylic acid Distilled pissing IceMethod 1. Prepared a water bath by half-filling a 250 mL beaker with water and heating it on a hot plate to until it was near boiling. Placed a few boiling chips in the beaker to prevent bumping if the water began to boil. 2. Weighed out 1.5g of salicylic acid on a piece of sink in typography. Recorded the weight on the data sheet. Transferred the salicylic acid to a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 3. Measured out 5.0 mL of acetic anhydride in a graduated cylinder from the fume hood. Recorded the volume of acetic anhydride used on the data sheet. Poured the acetic anhydride into the 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing the salicylic acid.4. Took the Erlenmeyer flask to the fume hood and added 5 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixture. 5. mot ley the termination and position the Erlenmeyer flask in the water bath for about 10 minutes, making sure the Erlenmeyer flask did not tip in the water bath. 6. After the 10 minutes elapsed, added 2 mL of distilled water with an eyedropper carefully to avoid splatter. Waited 6 minutes, during which time an fruitcake water mixture was prepared in another 250 mL beaker. 7. After the 6 minutes elapsed, 10 mL of distilled water was added to the Erlenmeyer flask and placed in the ice water, avoiding getting any of the ice water in the Erlenmeyer flask. A precipitate formed as the solution cooled. Used the scratching method, in which the bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask is scraped, to speed up the do by of precipitate formation.8. Prepared a piece of filter paper in a filter funnel and filtered off the precipitate from the Erlenmeyer flask solution. After the swimming drained through the filter paper, washed the filtrate with two 10 mL portions of cold distilled water. When all the wat er had drained through, the filter paper was removed, and the unassailable (impure aspirin) was scraped into a dry 100 mL beaker using a clean scoopula.Recrystallization9. Measured out 5 mL of ethanol from the fume hood in a graduated cylinder, and added it to the 100 mL beaker containing the solid aspirin. Swirled the beaker to dissolve as much of the solid as possible, then placed the beaker on the hot plate until the solid completely dissolved. 10. After the soliddissolved, added about 15 mL of distilled water. Prepared another ice water mixture in the 250 mL beaker and placed the 100 mL beaker in the ice water. Waited about 10 minutes. 11. Weighed a piece of filter paper and recorded it on the data sheet. Prepared the filter paper in a funnel and filtered off the precipitate. Rinsed the dirty apparatus thoroughly with lots of water. After all of the water was filtered through, left the filter paper to dry until the next class. 12. Weighed the piece of filter paper with the aspi rin on it. Recorded the weight on the data table. Discarded the aspirin.Results Overall Findings When the salicylic acid and acetic anhydride were mixed, a sinlessness, powdery solution formed. When the sulfuric acid was added, a clear solution formed that produced heat. After heating, then cooling and scratching the solution, a white precipitate formed. The moisture in the precipitate was filtered overnight and what was left over was the desired product, aspirin.Qualitative Data The boiling chips (calcium carbonate) were white, opaque crystals. The acetic anhydride was a clear solution with a vinegar-like odour. The salicylic acid was a find, white solid powder. The ethanol was a clear solution with an odour similar to strong alcohol. The sulfuric acid was a clear solution with a strong odour when heated. The aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was a white, solid powder.When the acetic anhydride and salicylic acid were mixed, they produced a white, powdery solution. When the sulfuric a cid was added to this solution, it glum clear and was warm. Upon heating the solution and adding water, puffs of smoke were produced. When the solution cooled and the scratching method was used, a white precipitate formed.Quantitative Data Density (Table 1) Substance Density Acetic anhydride 1.08 m/LVolume (Table 2) Substance Volume Acetic anhydride 5.0 mLMolar weight (Table 3) Substance Molar weight Salicylic acid 138.12 g/mol Acetic anhydride 102.09 g/mol Acetylsalicylic acid 180.16 g/mol Weight (Table 4) Substance Weight Salicylic acid 1.51 g Acetic anhydride 5.4 g Empty filter paper 1.27 g Filter paper and aspirin 1.946 g Aspirin 0.676 gPercent Yield (Table 5) Substance Percent Yield Aspirin 34.3%Analysis Determine whether the limiting reactant is the salicylic acid or the acetic anhydride. First, convert both masses to moles. 1 mole is equal to the molar mass of a substance therefore, the grams of acetic anhydride and grams of salicylic acid must be divided by their molar mass es respectively.Molar mass of acetic anhydride = 4(12.01) + 6(1.008) + 3(16) = 102.088g Molar mass of salicylic acid = 7(12.01) + 6(1.008) + 3(16) = 138.118 g Acetic anhydride 5.4g C4H6O3 x 1 mole C4H6O3 l= 0.052895541 moles C4H6O3 102.088g C4H6O3Salicylic acid1.51g C7H6O3 x 1 mole C7H6O3 = 0.01093268 moles C7H6O3 138.118 g C7H6O3Since both acetic anhydride and salicylic acid have a coefficient of 1, the smaller number is the limiting reactant. Therefore, salicylic acid is the limiting reactant of the reaction. Next, calculate the theoretical yield of aspirin by converting the mass of the limiting reactant to grams of aspirin. 1.51g C7H6O3 x 1 mole C7H6O3 x 1 mole C9H8O4 x 180.154 g C9H8O4138.118 g C7H6O3 1 mol C7H6O31 mol C9H8O4 = 1.969566168g AspirinUsing the theoretical yield and the actual yield (from the data table), calculate the percent yield.Percent yield = Actual yield x 100 = l 0.676g l x 100 = 34.3% Theoretical yield1.969566168gDiscussion Sources of error that were possib ly present in the synthesis of aspirin lab are an improperly calibrated balance, an inaccurate hot plate, contaminationof the substances, age of the substances, or contamination of the glassware. Inaccurate calibrations of the hot plate or balance could have shown higher or lower numerical data which would have affected the results by producing either a higher or lower percent yield. A contamination of the substances used or the glassware could have caused the substances to react differently with each other, again causing the percent yield to change depending on how the contamination affected the substances by producing a higher or lower percent yield.Another source of error could have been due to the transport of the aspirin from the Erlenmeyer flask after cooling to the funnel to be filtered. round of the aspirin may have been lost or left behind and that would have showed a lower percent yield. The accuracy of this lab could be change with more precise equipment, allowing the experimenter to be more confident in the accuracy of the measurements obtained. While the aspirin was left overnight to allow time for the moisture to be filtered out, the air could have been a contaminant.A way to get rid of the source of error would be to keep the samples in a more isolated nation where there is a smaller chance of contamination. Aspirin has many real-life applications. It is a pain reliever and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID). It has become very common as an antiplatelet to prevent blood clot formation and is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes. It has been present for over one hundred years and is one of the most widely used medications in the world. ConclusionThe main objective of the synthesis of aspirin lab was so produce aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) through the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The methods used included recrystallization and scratching to produce a precipitate, which was then filtered to remove any excess m oisture. The results displayed a percent yield of 34.3%, from a theoretical yield of about 1.97g of aspirin and an actual yield of approximately 0.68g of aspirin. Upon completion of the lab, analysis, and calculations, it is evident that the synthesis of aspirin is possible using these methods but that the yield will be relatively low.

Escape of the Gymnasium

As I sat in a managerial meeting, nervously taking the wrath from demanding hierarchy management, my mind began to drift backbone to an fortuity in my early childhoodNice shot Shrimps There I was shooting the basketball in gym class, all five foot quatern inches, 125 pounds of me. I am known as Shrimps, notwith steming my real name is Donald I am a small kid, with the heart of a kitten. patiently waiting for the schoolhouse bell to ring, to notify me and the rest of the school it was time to go home for the day and come back again in a week and half, I could hardly wait to get home and show my parents my straight A report card. It seemed resembling 2 life times had passed already, only if I was still stuck thither waiting to hear the ring of the damn bell. All of a sudden, I authorized Lenord was headed into my vicinity. My pulse began to race, sweat dripping from my eyebrow I continued to shoot the basketball. Soon I became frighten, so scared I thought I was going to wet myself. The brat was real, very real, only if this wasnt the first time Id been in danger and sure seemed like it wouldnt be the last.I can still see him even now, with a crystal barf one across vivid image of him. How could anyone forget what he facial expressioned like? Everyone in the school knew him as J Dog, but behind the slang name J Dog, he was known to all to a fault numerous as Lenord. Lenord was double the size of any average Joe his age, resisting tall looking over the top of his peers heads desperately awaiting someone to step in his way. J Dog, the big fat aggressive pain in everyones bottom, the school bully. J Dog was always with four-spot of his present(prenominal) peers. J Dog generally picked fights with weaker students. He would abuse them with his strength and powerful vocal cords, which built his ego on his victims.For intimately the past seven geezerhood I gain watched him and his four man mafia pick on younger boys. I can not even count the ti mes on my twenty fingers and toes that I was the onlooker, watching sadly from the birds eye view, waiting for their time to come and be put in their place. One incident I witnessed was when J Dog and his four man mafia picked a fight with a varsity football player. As I observed the attack through the asidehouse dillydally the fight seemed too un evenhandedly. J Dog and his clump attacked the peer in the boys bathroom. They all took their turns aggressively punching and kicking the peer. I sat in the stall curled up on the toilet, bracing myself nearly feeling every blow. Showing no remorse they continued on their brutal attack until they seemed too tired to go on. The fight ended with a vicious kick to the face by J Dog.Constantly and repetitively J Dog and his crew moved away from the school handbook and the countless school policies that it entailed. Yes indeed I knew what they were doing, as well as everyone else at the school including the school staff, but no one took the time to create a peaceful environment. It just seemed that no one would stand up to their mischievous deportment. I never understood why this was this way. Why do we all sit here back on our heels and watch this reckless abandon go on with his terror? We were all equally guilty, guilty as J Dog and his fellow perpetrators. The longer we stood back and accepted their behavior and the longer they were able to rage throughout the school, the stronger they became. This was not a good thing for me, or for the entire school.J Dog and his four brformer(a)hood boys came for me one spring morning. In fact it was the last day of school prior to a well anticipated eleven day Easter break. Id been playing basketball with a few of my peers in the schools gymnasium. Looking on the other side of the gym behind a set of bleachers, sat J Dog and his fellow four up to no good teasing and express emotion at fellow students. The obnoxious jerk himself, Lenord, and his four manned mafia soon came to the side of the gym where I was playing basketball. Before I had the view to warn my friends I heard abruptly, Donald, you four-eyed worthless piece of shit, the bully said. Its your turn.My heart hit rock bottom, feeling myself gasp for air, I asked myself oh no here we go, I think it is my turn to be plum bulled, or isnt it? Such simple words, so much unsaid. I didnt need any pull ahead explanations. I knew what they wanted and it was not their sanity back. As mentioned earlier Id seen others after theyd had their turn. It was never a pretty sight. Too many times over the years I have witnessed the brutal attacks on my fellow class duet. In time they would have progressed beyond schoolyard aggression, sinking lower into the anti-social status of the criminal underworld. Theyd never be leaders of any kind, just straight up thugs. Theyd been well schooled in this art.I had never once in my life been in a fight. Well unless my sister counts? To claim I was scared of the upcomi ng attack would have been an understatement. I was petrified. I knew if I was not careful in what I said or did I may end up dead. As I sat in that location overshadowed by five ruthless thugs, I knew that even in a fair fight I couldnt possibly win. Other students swirled around us, isolating our little group. It was well known everyone in the oval knew of the intended attack. Sweating profusely, I was nearly drowned in my own sweat, knowing what was waiting for me, wondering why he didnt just lash out and end this mockery, this teasing. I did not even realize then that hed had to work himself into a frenzy so he could just hit, and hit, and hit.Whats up, Shrimps? Dont you want your pretty boy face all smashed up like everyone else in this school? Or entrust you be upset because you will need a face lift?As I sat there I could only think of dumb things like this girl name Ashley sucking her thumb and my friend telling me to imagine my peers naked while big a speech. Only the sig ht of these two things registered on my numbed, frightened brain.Why dont you leave me alone? Go annoy someone else. I took the basketball and dropped it at my feet.Are you throwing the basketball at me, Shrimps? He snorted, searching for any excuse to trigger off a fight with me. I didnt want to generate him an excuse. He stood there warlike hands on hips, wearing his all blue attire. His stomach fat erupted through ragged holes in his once blue t-shirt. Supporting the food color blue was what J Dog mat up was the holiest color known to mankind.Dont be silly, I just dropped it at my feet, I whined, not at all mentally prepared for the brutal assault.I know you didnt just call J Dog silly, one of his collogues shouted. Or Ill flatten you myself. Come on J Dog, give the idiot a reason to talk back and lets get the hell out of here. It is just too hot in here to have to put up with all of this shit, he added as he grinded his teeth, showing the enormous gap in his bottom teeth, s o enormous I could kick a field goal through it.You call me silly, did you? Youre nil but a poor excuse for human life. You can run to the teachers all you like, see, I am not afraid of them.Thoughts began to race inside me. I wondered why school authorities put up with him. Too many times Lenord and his four mates behavior were over looked. School fights happened sometimes students went home a little worse for wear. I could not help to notice that in a mere two minutes the bell would sound. Thinking to myself will that bell ever ring and let me out of this mess I got myself into?I responded to this coward known to too many as J Dog, I didnt call you silly I just said I did not throw the basketball at you. I was answered by a heavy push in the chest, the first sign of physical violence. Staggering back, it was followed by another massive blow from the aggressive J Dog. He stepped back up to me, face to face, as J Dogs four amigos stood close beside him, crowding me like flies on de ad carcass.Wont you stay and fight? He spit little specks of salvia at me but I dared not acknowledge them. Bloody little coward.Hed been right I was a coward, so scared I couldnt run, even if I wanted to, even if thered been somewhere to go and get away from the mess I was in. I silently choked back sobs, fighting to hold back tears of terror. The panic controlled me I stood there looking like a buffoon right in nominal head of Lenord, his four friends, my best friend, twenty other students, and one especially hot girl named Cindy. Again the palms of his massive hands stabbed at my chest and, again, I staggered back. I felt the impact of his hands long after theyd abruptly returned to his hips. The five men closed back up on me as we danced further away from the gymnasium bleachers or what I like to call protection from a fall and embarrassment. I felt my grip on reality slipping further and further away.Others were here to only see another reprimanding set forth by J Dog and to witness my shame. Not that J Dog and his mates wouldnt let everyone know how well, or poorly, I took the abuse. There was a certain honor in taking your licking like a man. I hadnt felt like a man, and had been sure there was little honor in J Dog. However, I couldnt hide for the rest of my life. It had been time to stop the hopelessness and stand up for myself and for the rest of the school population. It had to be all or nothing. I preferred nothing, but in the back of my head I wanted nothing more than to set the example.Putting on a brave face, I firmed my voice and looked the outsized buffoon in the eye. I know you can beat me like a red headed step daughter, I dont doubt it at all. As the jittered mess in my voice came out I wanted to look and feel confident in what I said to this animal. But Lenord, I added, Just remember one thing. When I hit the ground, so too will your front teeth, you worthless coward. Ill get one punch in, you know I will, and that punch will be directed right for your front teeth. When I am done with you, you will no longer look like the donkey you look and smell like now Is beating me up worth losing your front teeth? I was being optimistic, I doubted that I could even get in one punch I doubted even if delivered I could have knocked out any of his teeth.The reaction from the overweight J Dog was almost priceless. Suddenly it was the bully who backed off, looked lost, looked everywhere but at his bewildered fellows or me. Er er he stuttered, youre not worth the effort, you are just a waste of my breath, you little crap headed pansy. I wouldnt waste my spit on you. You offend get away from me before I change my mind and pound the crap out of you. Now I was the one standing aggressively, hands on hips, watching the fast disappearing of the other bullies as they soon walked away in disbelief. Cocky in my arrogance, I spit out a final mouth of spit in their vicinity. It had been the most rewarding victory of my life, standing there on that field of honor, knowing that I had conquered the mighty, invincible J Dog. I wanted to shout it out to the rest of the school and let everyone in the school district know of J Dogs defeat.My mind switched off that near stopping point episode, back to the present, to the here and now. Hierarchy management surrounded me, trying to pressure me and abide to their will. Tacky school clothes were replaced with tailored business suits, the overt threat of violence with an undercurrent of raw power. Things hadnt changed. As before, I was the underdog, the potential victim. These smiling men were planning on beating me far worse than the luckless J Dog could ever have imagined. Here I was fighting for my life, my work life, and for the future of my family and myself. I could lose everything. I felt too old to start everything all over again. These smiling piranhas had planned on chewing me up and spitting out the bones.I had to fight for myself and for what I knew was right, and it was time to either stand up and fight their smirking aggression, or lie down and die like a dog. I thought again of J Dog the bully, remembering how quick hed collapsed after I stood in his way of destruction. Clearing my throat, I looked straight in the owners eyes. This is what should happen, I began, as an idea rushed into my mind. Fully knowing what I was going to say, I continued as I spilled out the beans.

Final Paper African Americans Essay

Through out history at that place has been a struggle for African Americans to be accepted in our society. An African American endures many more hurts than most white batch. The media and other sources have made blacks to look the same and has portrayed them in a accredited light that may not be fitting to all blacks. There are many misconceptions that slew have of blacks. more people and organizations have had a part in bringing equality and fighting for equal rights for black people. African Americans have been at a huge disadvantage in America from the beginning.Unlike many other minority groups in America, African Americans in many cases were brought here by force and not by there own will. (000000) The first African Americans came to America in the s tied(p)teenth century and were immediately forced to work for Whites. After much turmoil and even a civil war Blacks were finally given there freedom with the Emancipation announcement signed and ratified in 1863. Even after the proclamation some blacks were still enslaved and freed blacks had little to no opportunity.The struggle continued into the next century as blacks finally received the right to vote with the ratification in of the 15th amendment. The 20th century contained a world filled by a segregated America between whites and blacks through jim crow laws that existed that restricted blacks from interacting with whites. With a history like that it is no wonder that African Americans still have disadvantages in our modern day. America today is known as the country of opportunity. Although there are many opportunities out there it seems that there are more opportunities for some groups more than others.Many companies and corporations still use race as a indicator for hiring employees. In one study done by the National Bureau of Economic Research, people with common black name were less in all likelihood to be called back for an interview based on there application alone then black people with common white sounding names. short letter applicants with white sounding names needed to send out ten applications to get one call back while applications with common black names needed to send out about fifteen to get one reply. (Francis, www. nber. org/digest.com).The research was done withe resumes of the same qualifications. It is easy to see that Black people are constantly bombarded by inequality in the work force. If there were inequalities just based on names of applicants just imagine the inequality when employers really see the race of the applicants. Black Americans have been stereotyped for years and continue to be today. The media is one great source of portraying African Americans in certain roles. African Americans are portrayed as criminals, drug dealers and sex offenders in many instances.Many Africans are outraged at how they are portrayed in the media. Protest groups such as the Young African Americans Against Media Stereotypes have done what they can to show th ere stance on stereotypical media portrayal. Majority of the epoch you see a young African-American male in the media he is singing, rapping, scoring a touchdown, dunking a basketball or committing a crime( http//www. yaaams. com/) Many stereotypes about black people are incredibly false. Many people still think that black people are only good at certain things like music and sports.This is a very false belief and black people have contributed heavily to all different sorts of fields. Many live inventions that we use on an everyday bases were invented by black people. The dust mop, pencil sharpener, typewriter, and elevator were all invented by black people. (http//www. black-network. com) Our society would not be what it is if it were not for Garret Morgan, the young Black man who invented the traffic light. http//www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmcensus1. html.

Does the Internet have a democratising effect on society? Essay

profit has revolutionized the way of doing work in todays modern world. Businesses are increasingly becoming online because of the wide spread of meshing facility available perpetuallyy where. Now it is just a matter of clack and one gets his order delivered at his door step. Where ever there is computing machine, there is internet access also available. Today people feel incomplete without computer and internet because internet cooks us connected with the world. It provides a social feeling of comfort and togetherness, anyone having internet access is not alone in the real(a) sense.With ever falling computer prices and internet usage rates, now all classes of people are able to afford the computer and simultaneously use internet. (Cavalier , 2005) Any media to which the upstanding population can access and communicate on just about anything has an over all democratizing effect on that population. The word democratize basically per earner making available to all. So when we t alk about the democratization effect of internet, it means that the internet can be accessed by every one.Radios, television, newspapers all make people literate and let data flow to them but internet is not limited to this extent. The percentage of people involved in producing and consuming acquaintance is far greater for internet as compared to any other media. Therefore, it is fair and just if we call internet a democratizing agent. (Browning , 2002) There is information available on any topic at all on the internet. People can access online dictionaries, encyclopedias, journal articles, and search on research engines just sitting at their home. This has widened the knowledge base of the people.This huge information available on the internet has rendered it to have a democratizing effect because anyone any where can have access to information available on widest possible range of subjects. People who are illiterate on a certain subject gain information through the internet and are able to give well prepared lectures on that topic. Even people are now able to access internet free of monetary value at humans libraries, universities, colleges etc. This means that internet has actually led to the democratization of information. The world is witnessing high growth rates in the use of Internet at homes as well as organizations.People have 24/7 connectivity available thanks to the developments in LAN and WAN. Moreover, information is available in all major languages over the internet so even non-English speaking people do not face any kind of trouble in accessing information which they require. People are not bounded from expressing themselves and their presented information can circulate to different corners of the world. The democracy of internet has led to an increase in the public awareness on crucial issues and has granted them freedom to express their thoughts openly even against the government which cannot be done in person.With the increased connectivit y, much and more people are becoming aware of their environment and what is going on around them. They can discuss political and national issues over the internet with others and bundle information. Data related to the government as well as ones country is easily accessed by the people and they get to know their real economic situation. Internet has democratized the politics and media. News is being transmitted through the internet plus political campaigns are also being carried on the websites.An voice would illustrate the democratizing effect of internet on political campaigns. Political candidates and parties are raising more and more money through internet in the form of funds and donations. People try to convince others over the internet to gift for political campaigns and internet has increased the number of donors (Shane , 2004). Previously, people were not willing to donate for political campaigns but with the increasing democratizing effect of the internet, politics is gaining popularity and people are getting involved in political discussions and campaigns.